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Date: Thu, 29 Oct 92 05:04:39
From: Space Digest maintainer <digests@isu.isunet.edu>
Reply-To: Space-request@isu.isunet.edu
Subject: Space Digest V15 #356
To: Space Digest Readers
Precedence: bulk
Space Digest Thu, 29 Oct 92 Volume 15 : Issue 356
Today's Topics:
administrivia
Any information on GPS ?
Comet calendar
Dyson's Spheres
pocket satellite receivers (was Re:
QUESTIONS: Apollo, Earth, Moon
Re:Swift-Tuttle Comet a threat to earth?
Relativistic Shuttle timing
Solar Sails (2 msgs)
Two-Line Orbital Element Set: Space Shuttle
Welcome to the Space Digest!! Please send your messages to
"space@isu.isunet.edu", and (un)subscription requests of the form
"Subscribe Space <your name>" to one of these addresses: listserv@uga
(BITNET), rice::boyle (SPAN/NSInet), utadnx::utspan::rice::boyle
(THENET), or space-REQUEST@isu.isunet.edu (Internet).
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Wed, 28 Oct 92 23:33:38 EST
From: digests (Email Digest Server)
Subject: administrivia
Some of the messages in today's digest are 3 weeks old. Sorry about
that, our mailer has been having problems, and they got queued up at a remote
site. Better late than never, right? <:-)
Also, apologies for the "subscription" message(s). I'd hoped the
heuristic filter I installed would catch all such requests, but the long
signature did me in. I've since changed the heuristics, so maybe we can go
another 5 months without any sneaking by....
Mark Maimone
space-request@isu.isunet.edu
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 29 Oct 1992 04:06:45 GMT
From: Rafael & <santos@mickey.ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
Subject: Any information on GPS ?
Newsgroups: fj.sci.geo,fj.sci.misc,sci.aeronautics,sci.astro,sci.geo.meteorology,sci.misc,sci.space
Hello out there.
Sorry if I am posting this in the incorrect newsgroups, but I want
some informations on GPS (Global Positioning Systems), specifically:
- Limitations to work in another countries, for example, satellite
orientation/disponibility, power requirements, etc.
- Data capabilities (storage, communication with computers, memory, etc).
- any other information.
A friend of mine is very interested in buying one, to take to Brazil.
I got a catalog from Sony but it was an old model, and in Japanese,
so any information will be welcome.
Any informations/addresses/e-mails of companys/users will be nice, too.
Please e-mail it directly to me.
Thanks in advance,
Rafael.
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 28 Oct 92 23:18:09 EST
From: John Roberts <roberts@cmr.ncsl.nist.gov>
Subject: Comet calendar
-From: flb@flb.optiplan.fi ("F.Baube x554")
-Subject: Comet => Millennial Madness ?
-Date: 27 Oct 92 12:16:49 GMT
-Let's not be too Euro-centric here.
-Does anyone know whether Wednesday 14 August 2126
-corresponds to any nice, round number in any *other*
-calendar systems ?
-I'm thinking, something like 31 Urgtember 4999.
If I recall my 10th-grade history class correctly, sometime around the time
of the French Revolution, France was experimenting with a weird "metric"
calendar (probably ten months per year). The only month I ever heard the
name of was "Thermidor"(sp?), around July or August. Apparently it didn't
catch on.
Perhaps some of the French readers of sci.space could comment.
John Roberts
roberts@cmr.ncsl.nist.gov
------------------------------
Date: 28 Oct 92 22:16:02 GMT
From: Marc Fournier - Admin <marc@r-node.gts.org>
Subject: Dyson's Spheres
Newsgroups: sci.space
In article <1992Oct26.202658.154145@zeus.calpoly.edu> jgreen@zeus.calpoly.edu (James Thomas Green) writes:
>Why not make the radius of the DS larger than 1 AU to avoid heating
>up the inside too much?
I'm not a scientist, but how would that help?? The energy would still
be trapped, wouldn't it? Supposing a solid sphere, that is.
Marc
--
Marc G. Fournier | R-node Public Access Unix running UnixBBS 1.10
Etobicoke, Ontario | 416-249-5366 24hrs 7 days/week network email
voice: 249-4230 | shell accounts available 1900+ newsgroups FREE
marc@r-node.pci.on.ca | Telebit WorldBlazer/SupraModem2400/Cardinal 2400
------------------------------
Date: 29 Oct 92 03:26:10 GMT
From: Anthony J Stieber <anthony@csd4.csd.uwm.edu>
Subject: pocket satellite receivers (was Re:
Newsgroups: comp.sys.hp48,comp.sys.palmtops,sci.space
In article <10292302.63825.14415@kcbbs.gen.nz> Steve_Grant@kcbbs.gen.nz (Steve Grant) writes:
>Company: Gessa
> 45a, route des Acacias
> 1227 Geneve
> Switzerland
> TEL: +41 (22) 427800
> FAX: +41 (22) 427805
> Contact: Eric Heiniger
Thanks for posting the extra information. Here's some more
that was mailed to me.
GESSA is refferring calls for non-aviation calls to
PALMTREE:617-871-7050. GESSA has the 'moving map' for aviation users.
I would guess that their receiver uses a serial interface so it could
be used an any suitable machine. Hopefully they document whatever
protocol they use.
--
<-:(= Anthony Stieber anthony@csd4.csd.uwm.edu uwm!uwmcsd4!anthony
------------------------------
Date: 29 Oct 92 02:33:25 GMT
From: Wan Ngai Wayne Lee <wlee@csd4.csd.uwm.edu>
Subject: QUESTIONS: Apollo, Earth, Moon
Newsgroups: alt.sci.planetary,sci.astro,sci.space
I am posting the following questions for a friend who don't
have access to the net. I will forward your electronic
answers to him. You can also mail him the answers.
His address is at the end.
.-----------------------------------------------------------------------.
| name: Lee, Wan Ngai Wayne | internet: wlee@csd4.csd.uwm.edu |
| mail: 2121 E. Newport Ave.|compuserve: >internet:wlee@csd4.csd.uwm.edu|
| Milwaukee, WI 53211| |
|phone: (414) 963-4157 | |
`-----------------------------------------------------------------------'
====================QUESTIONS===========================================
1. QUESTION ABOUT (APOLLO) LUNAR MODULE DESCENT PROCEDURE
I have read that during the descent (from lunar orbit to surface)
that the astronauts passed through a "dead man's zone" during
which a descent stage failure could not be solved by using
the ascent stage to return to orbit. The descriptions I have
read are not full. 3 questions:
a. Did this only apply to the early missions or did the "dead
man's zone" possibility apply to all of the moon shots?
The J-missions had increased maneuvorability.
b. If the descent stage would have failed, would the procedure
have been for the astronauts to continue dropping to the
surface or attempt an abort to orbit?
c. Is the "dead man's zone" a matter of geometry, timing with
CSM, fuel, or some combination?
2. RADAR TRACKING OF LUNAR-ORBITING CRAFT
During the Apollo missions, was it ever possible for Earth-based
radar to determine where moon-orbiting craft were? It is my
impression that the answer was no. Were radio signals (from
CSM or LM) ever used to pinpoint where craft were?
3. EARTH's MAGNETIC FIELD
Has the prehistoric "flip" of Earth's magnetic field been proven?
What may cause this in the future?
Does the Moon has its own magnetic field? If I had a compass on
the moon, how would it behave?
4. LUNAR FEATURES
At the northern end of the Imbrium Basin, there are two pronounced
natural pyramids. What is the best explanation of how Pico and
Piton were formed?
How was the Straight Wall formed? Can anyone steer me to an article
on it (size, length, origin?) Have any low-orbit/oblique viewpoint
photos been taken of the pyramids or the Straight Wall?
5. LUNAR WATER
In the 1970's, I read that Apollo 12 & 14 ALSEP sensors (ION) picked
up what seemed to be a water vapor emission near Fra Mauro. What
would be an alternative explanation for such readings? How
respectable is the notion that frozen water may exist on the moon
and how would such a discovery related to moon's origin & history?
By the way, Arthur C Clarke has put moon water in his 2061 novel.
6. MOON TRADING CARDS
I am writing an historical survey of space gadgets. In 1969,
a major trading card company issued a series about the Apollo
moon landings. One of the cards showed the testing of a
phone-booth-sized shower, which was in the zero-gee simulating
NASA airplane.
a. What company issued the cards?
b. Could anyone mail me a xerox copy of the shower test? I will mail
back $1.00 in postage to the first few respondants.
Chris Roth
P.O. Box 71065
Milwaukee, WI 53211-1065
------------------------------
Date: 29 Oct 92 03:46:10 GMT
From: "Steven Green (+61 6 276 6813" <gre253@mis.csiro.au>
Subject: Re:Swift-Tuttle Comet a threat to earth?
Newsgroups: sci.astro,sci.space
In article <ALTI.92Oct28201543@tanera.dcs.ed.ac.uk> alti@dcs.ed.ac.uk (Thorsten Altenkirch) writes:
>I understand that it is pretty unlikely that Swift-Tuttle will hit
>earth in 2126. However, I would like to know what would happen in the
>case such a big object would collide with our planet? I am not sure
>whether my memory is right but in the discussion about the
>disappearance of the dinosaurs an object of a size like 200m was
>mentioned. Now, Swift-Tuttle is supposed to be much bigger (10 km?)...
It'd probably ruin your whole day !
--
* Steve Green * "Hey Rocky, watch me pull a rabbit outa my hat!" *
* Comms Group * "That trick never works" *
* ITS Branch * "Nothin' up my sleeve - PRESTO" *
* CSIRO Australia * "No doubt about it - I gotta get another hat" *
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 28 Oct 92 23:30:22 EST
From: John Roberts <roberts@cmr.ncsl.nist.gov>
Subject: Relativistic Shuttle timing
-From: bbbehr@sunspot.noao.edu (Bradford B. Behr)
-Subject: Re: Smith-Tuttle Comet a threat to earth?
-Date: 27 Oct 92 18:37:05 GMT
-Organization: National Solar Observatory/SP, Sunspot NM, USA
->One can extrapolate on this one since the shuttle is rougly doing
->28,000 km/hr, is NASA taking into account the time distortion between
->the crew and JSC?
-Shuttle velocity = 28000 km/hr = 7.78e3 m/s
-Lightspeed = 3.00e8 m/s
-v/c = 2.60e-5
-Time dilation formula:
-T = T0 / sqrt(1 - (v/c)^2)
-so dilation factor = 1 - 3.37e-10
-Mission duration = 10 days = 8.64e5 sec
-so Shuttle clocks will lag JSC clocks by 2.91e-4 sec at mission end.
-A third of a millisecond? Significant? Some timing links might
-conceivably get thrown off by a deviation of this magnitude. But
-presumably they resync throughout the mission...
Since the Shuttle is moving in a circular path, you probably have to use
general relativity to get a more accurate answer. Also, the fact that
the Shuttle is less deep in Earth's gravity well than the surface of the
Earth would cause the difference to be less than you would otherwise think.
(Time passes more slowly in a gravity well than in "free space".)
Atomic clocks have been placed in high-altitude aircraft, and a time
difference has been measured. If NASA wants their measurements tagged
with a 100-nanosecond timestamp like we use here, then they have to take
the difference into account.
John Roberts
roberts@cmr.ncsl.nist.gov
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 29 Oct 1992 00:13:23 GMT
From: Josh 'K' Hopkins <jbh55289@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu>
Subject: Solar Sails
Newsgroups: sci.space
rbw3q@rayleigh.mech.Virginia.EDU (Brad Whitehurst) writes:
>In article <1992Oct28.165504.15346@ptdcs2.intel.com> greason@ptdcs2.intel.com (Jeff Greason ~) writes:
>>Well, so solar sails are just "driven by radiation pressure". I'd heard
>>that (as well as solar wind) before.
>>
>>However, If you look at the original post, you'll see my concern --
>>radiation pressure seems 2-3 orders of magnitude too small to be useful
>>for drive. Recalling that F=P/c for light pressure, and that power
>>density P is roughly 1.4kW/m^2 at Earth orbit, you get a pretty trivial
>>4.7 MICRONEWTONS per square meter.
>...
> Well, I don't have any numbers, but don't forget the "solar
>wind" of particles streaming from the sun. I would think it would
>have a significant contribution.
Actually, solar wind is pretty insignificant. Solar sails really do have low
accelerations. However, since they don't require fuel, the can keep speeding
up "forever." Try calculating the final speed after a year of constant
acceleration. The power density also increases dramatically as you get
closer to the Sun, so using 1.4 kW/m^2 for a trip to Mercury, for example, would
be a very bad approximation. Using suitably huge sails, it's possible to
achieve some impressive trip times for certain destinations.
Jerome L. Wright has a recent book out on sail design. It's worth reading if
you're interested in the details. He knows what he's talking about, though I'd
like to fire his editor.
--
Josh Hopkins jbh55289@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu
"We can lick gravity, but the paperwork's a bit tougher." Wernher von Braun
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 28 Oct 1992 23:55:58 GMT
From: Frank Crary <fcrary@ucsu.Colorado.EDU>
Subject: Solar Sails
Newsgroups: sci.space
In article <1992Oct28.202753.10814@murdoch.acc.Virginia.EDU> rbw3q@rayleigh.mech.Virginia.EDU (Brad Whitehurst) writes:
>>Well, so solar sails are just "driven by radiation pressure". I'd heard
>>that (as well as solar wind) before.
> Well, I don't have any numbers, but don't forget the "solar
>wind" of particles streaming from the sun. I would think it would
>have a significant contribution.
The particle momentum is less than 1% that of the radiation pressure.
However, there is a idea for using it (Zubrin's Magsail): The particles
are charged, and interact with magnetic fields. In theory, a loop of
current-carrying wire would refelect particles out to a few times
the radius of the loop. While the momentum transfer from the solar
wind is low, the mass of a wire loop (as opposed to a reflective
sheet in a solar sail) is _much_ lower. This system should get
overall accelerations higher than those of a solar sail, if you can
use a passively-cooled superconductor for the loop (that is, a
nitrogen-temperature superconductor farther from the sun than, roughly,
Venus.)
Frank Crary
CU Boulder
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 29 Oct 1992 04:43:02 GMT
From: TS Kelso <tkelso@afit.af.mil>
Subject: Two-Line Orbital Element Set: Space Shuttle
Newsgroups: sci.space
The most current orbital elements from the NORAD two-line element sets are
carried on the Celestial BBS, (513) 427-0674, and are updated daily (when
possible). Documentation and tracking software are also available on this
system. As a service to the satellite user community, the most current
elements for the current shuttle mission are provided below. The Celestial
BBS may be accessed 24 hours/day at 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, or 9600 bps using
8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity.
Element sets (also updated daily), shuttle elements, and some documentation
and software are also available via anonymous ftp from archive.afit.af.mil
(129.92.1.66) in the directory pub/space.
STS 52
1 22194U 92 70 A 92302.25000000 .00103295 00000-0 25599-3 0 184
2 22194 28.4667 79.1129 0006424 326.8112 244.4425 15.94356950 889
--
Dr TS Kelso Assistant Professor of Space Operations
tkelso@afit.af.mil Air Force Institute of Technology
------------------------------
End of Space Digest Volume 15 : Issue 356
------------------------------